No-Damages-for-Delay Clause New York: How the Exceptions Work for NYC Contractors' Delay Claims
Updated: 20 hours ago
Updated October 21, 2026
You bid a $4.2 million mixed-use renovation in Bushwick on a tight nine-month schedule. Three months in, the owner stops processing permits, fires the architect, and adds two stories to the design. Your crews sit idle for eleven weeks. When you finally finish — four months late — you submit a $620,000 delay claim. The owner's lawyer responds with one sentence: “Please review Article 14.8 of the contract.”
That's a no-damages-for-delay clause. And in New York, it can bar a large delay claim in a single paragraph. But it doesn't always apply. Courts recognize exceptions, and contractors facing one of these clauses need to know which exceptions might apply, how to plead them, and how to build the factual record before they ever file suit.
Key takeaways
New York courts generally enforce no-damages-for-delay clauses, so read your contract's delay terms closely before you bid or sign.
Courts recognize narrow exceptions: bad faith or gross negligence, uncontemplated delays, delays amounting to abandonment, and the owner's breach of a fundamental obligation.
A long delay alone does not defeat the clause if the contract anticipated that type of delay.
Calling delay costs extra work or a change order may not get around the clause.
Send written delay notices on time and keep daily reports, schedule updates, and separate cost codes from day one.
What is a no-damages-for-delay clause and why do NYC owners use it?
A no-damages-for-delay clause is a contract provision that says the contractor's only remedy for delay is more time — never more money. If the owner causes a six-month delay, you get a six-month extension. You don't get to recover the extended general conditions, idle equipment, lost labor productivity, or escalation costs that the delay caused.
Owners love these clauses for obvious reasons. NYC construction is expensive, schedules slip, and large institutional owners — the City of New York, the Port Authority, hospitals, universities, public REITs — want to cap their delay exposure. You'll find no-damages-for-delay clauses in nearly every public works contract in New York, most institutional private contracts, and an increasing share of mid-size commercial deals across the five boroughs, Nassau County, and Suffolk County.
For contractors, the clause shifts a massive risk. Any cost overrun caused by owner-side problems — slow design approvals, late permit pulls from the NYC Department of Buildings, late material releases, coordination failures with separate prime contractors — comes out of your pocket. That's why a $4 million project that runs 14 months instead of 9 can wipe out your profit and then some, leaving you to litigate for survival rather than upside.
Are no-damages-for-delay clauses enforceable in New York?
Yes — New York courts generally enforce no-damages-for-delay clauses, but four well-established exceptions can defeat them. These exceptions are firmly established under New York law and remain the controlling authority for owner-caused delay disputes across NYC, Nassau County, and Suffolk County.
Under Corinno Civetta, a no-damages-for-delay clause does not bar recovery where the delays were (1) caused by the owner's bad faith or willful, malicious, or grossly negligent conduct; (2) uncontemplated by the parties; (3) so unreasonable that they amount to an intentional abandonment of the contract; or (4) the result of the owner's breach of a fundamental contractual obligation. That framework has been applied thousands of times by trial courts and the Appellate Division in the four decades since.
The exceptions are real, but they're narrowly construed. Ordinary negligence — the kind that produces routine schedule slippage on any construction job — isn't enough. You need facts that look like more than business-as-usual delay.
The clauses are also valid as a matter of public policy even on public projects. The Court of Appeals has repeatedly rejected the argument that no-damages-for-delay clauses are unconscionable or against public policy in the public works context. So if you signed the contract and your facts don't fit into one of the four exceptions, the clause will end your delay claim at summary judgment.
In our practice, we're seeing more disputes over contracts drafted with AI tools. AI can produce a polished generic contract, but if you don't know what you need it to say, it may leave out the terms that protect you, and that gap has become a real source of litigation.
What are the four exceptions that defeat a no-damages-for-delay clause?
The four Corinno Civetta exceptions look simple on paper, but each has been refined by decades of NYC case law into something more demanding. Knowing the distinctions matters because most contractor delay claims live or die on which exception you plead — and how you plead it.
Bad faith, willful, or grossly negligent conduct
You need proof the owner did more than make mistakes. Bad faith means intentional misconduct — concealing known site conditions, refusing to coordinate trades to sabotage the schedule, or deliberately withholding information needed to complete the work. Gross negligence is conduct that reflects reckless indifference to the contractor's rights. Routine miscommunication, slow decision-making, or a single bad call by the construction manager won't get you there.
Uncontemplated delays
The delay must be of a kind the parties did not contemplate when they signed. If your contract anticipated owner-caused design changes and included a change order process, then design-change delays were contemplated — and the clause bars recovery. But if the owner ordered a structural redesign two-thirds of the way through the job that required tearing out completed work, courts have found that uncontemplated. The test is fact-intensive and turns on the contract language and the scope of the disruption. Our prior post on change order disputes in New York construction projects explains how change order mechanics interact with delay claims.
The length of the delay does not change that test. In Gamma USA, Inc. v. Pavarini McGovern, LLC, 2025 NY Slip Op 03380 (1st Dep't 2025), the First Department affirmed dismissal of a subcontractor's delay claim despite a year-long delay in the start of its work, explaining that "the length of a delay does not transform a delay of a type specifically contemplated in a no-damages-for-delay clause into an uncontemplated delay." The court also found that complaints about inept administration, a missing CPM schedule, and a removed crane did not fit any exception because those delays were contemplated in the clause.
Delays so unreasonable they amount to abandonment
If the cumulative delay is so massive that the project no longer resembles what the parties agreed to, the clause can fall. Think of a 9-month project that becomes a 36-month project because the owner kept stopping work for redesigns. Courts call this constructive abandonment — the owner has effectively repudiated the contract, even while pretending to perform it. Most delay claims do not reach this level.
Breach of a fundamental contractual obligation
This is the exception contractors litigate most often. The owner has a fundamental obligation to keep the site available, to provide timely design information, to process change orders within a reasonable time, and to coordinate work it controls. When the owner fails at any of these in a material way, and the failure causes the delay, courts can decline to enforce the clause. In Graciano Corp. v. Lanmark Group, Inc., 2023 NY Slip Op 05703 (1st Dep't 2023), the First Department upheld findings after trial that a general contractor's cardinal change was an abandonment of the subcontract and that its failure to schedule and coordinate the work was a fundamental breach, so the no-damages-for-delay clause was not enforced against the subcontractor.
You can plead multiple exceptions in the alternative. Pairing breach of a fundamental obligation with willful conduct gives the factfinder two independent paths to liability.
How do you document a delay claim in NYC?
You document a delay claim in real time, on the project, before anyone files a lawsuit. A common reason delay claims in New York fall apart isn't the no-damages-for-delay clause. It's the absence of contemporaneous records that prove what caused what. Construction delay litigation is forensic, and courts and arbitrators look closely at daily reports, schedules, RFIs, and notice letters.
Start with notice. Most NYC construction contracts require written notice of a delay claim within 10, 14, or 20 days of the event causing the delay. Miss that deadline and your claim can be barred outright, no matter how strong the underlying merits. Send the notice in writing, identify the event, identify the trade affected, and reserve your right to damages. You can sort out the dollar figure later — but the notice itself is often jurisdictional.
Build a critical path method schedule and update it monthly. Delay claims in New York are almost always proven through schedule analysis — typically a time impact analysis or a windows analysis that shows what the project's critical path looked like before each delay event and how each event pushed the path out. If you don't have a baseline schedule and contemporaneous updates, your expert will be reconstructing the project from memory and emails. That's a losing position.
Keep granular daily reports: manpower counts by trade, equipment on site, weather, RFIs outstanding, areas blocked from work. According to the NYC Comptroller's office, the City of New York resolves hundreds of millions of dollars in construction-related claims each year, and detailed daily documentation is what lets a claim be judged on what actually happened on the job.
Finally, track your cost segregation. If you want to recover extended general conditions, idle labor, escalation, and impact costs, you need cost codes set up from day one that separate base scope costs from delay-driven costs. Submitting a global “we lost $620,000” number with no segregation invites a summary judgment motion that you will probably lose.
What other remedies can NYC contractors pursue when delays destroy a project?
When delay damages are barred or limited, contractors and subcontractors still have a deep menu of remedies under New York law. Don't anchor your entire recovery to a single delay claim — build parallel theories from the start.
A mechanic's lien preserves your priority and creates leverage long before any court rules on the merits. Under the New York Lien Law, you have eight months from your last day of work on a private commercial project — four months on a single-family residence — to file. Note that on public improvement projects, liens are filed against public funds under separate Lien Law provisions with different deadlines and procedures; consult counsel or see our mechanic's lien guide below for public-project specifics. Our guide to filing a mechanic's lien in New York walks through the deadlines and pitfalls. A properly filed lien forces the owner to bond it off or face a foreclosure action against the property.
Trust fund claims under Lien Law Article 3-A bypass contract defenses entirely. When an owner or general contractor receives construction funds, those funds are held in trust for the benefit of subcontractors and suppliers. Diverting them — paying overhead, paying off a different project, taking distributions — is a breach of trust and, in some cases, a crime. The Article 3-A claim is independent of the contract, so a no-damages-for-delay clause cannot defeat it. Our Article 3-A trust fund guide walks through how to plead and prove diversion.
The New York Prompt Payment Act — codified at General Business Law Article 35-E — gives contractors and subcontractors statutory tools to force payment on private projects of $150,000 or more, with mandatory interest and the right to suspend work after proper notice. The Act runs on its own track, parallel to delay claim litigation, and can be a powerful pressure point when a GC or owner sits on undisputed approved requisitions for months.
Quantum meruit is a backstop when the contract itself is invalid or has been repudiated. If owner-caused delays were so severe that the contract no longer applies — or if a residential home improvement contract didn't comply with General Business Law Article 36-A — you can recover the reasonable value of your work outside the contract entirely. This is especially powerful for contractors who took on residential renovation projects without realizing the homeowner's contract was non-compliant under NYC DCWP rules.
Finally, escalation claims under contract-specific price escalation clauses can recover material price increases caused by delay. Steel, copper, and lumber prices have moved sharply over the past several years — construction input prices remain meaningfully above pre-pandemic baselines — and if owner-caused delays pushed your buying window into a higher-price environment, that's a real, calculable damage. Where the contract contains a standalone price escalation clause, or where the escalation is framed as a change in the scope of work rather than a delay cost, it may fall outside the no-damages-for-delay bar entirely — but this analysis is contract-specific and should be reviewed with counsel. Labels alone are not enough. In Henick-Lane, LLC v. Stellar Mgt. Group, Inc., 2025 NY Slip Op 05190 (1st Dep't 2025), the First Department held that change order requests founded on owner-caused delays or changes in the work were subject to the no-damages-for-delay clause, "notwithstanding plaintiff's characterization of its change order requests as being for extra work, instead of delay damages."
Frequently Asked Questions
Does a no-damages-for-delay clause bar all delay damages, even on public projects?
No — the same four Corinno Civetta exceptions apply on NYC public projects, and contractors regularly recover against the City, the School Construction Authority, and the Port Authority when they can prove uncontemplated delays or breach of fundamental obligation. The clause is presumed enforceable, but it's not absolute. Public agencies do settle delay claims, and many cases never reach trial because the documentation makes the exceptions clear.
What's the statute of limitations for filing a delay claim in New York?
For most private construction contracts, breach of contract claims must be filed within six years under CPLR § 213. For claims against the City of New York, the General Municipal Law imposes strict additional requirements: a Notice of Claim must be filed within 90 days of accrual, and the lawsuit itself must be commenced within one year and 90 days of the event — a far shorter window than the standard contract limitations period. Many other public authorities have their own notice and suit deadlines set by statute or contract. For public works claims generally, you typically also have to comply with contract-specific presentment requirements — often within 30 to 90 days of the event. Check the specific contract and governing statute before assuming you have time.
Can a subcontractor sue an owner directly for delay damages?
Usually no — subcontractors lack contractual privity with the owner and have to pursue the GC. But a sub can pursue the owner through a mechanic's lien foreclosure, an Article 3-A trust fund claim, or, in narrow cases, a third-party beneficiary theory. The cleaner path for most subs is a tightly drafted pass-through claim agreement with the GC, so the GC presents the sub's delay losses as part of the GC's own claim against the owner.
Will arbitration change how the no-damages-for-delay clause is applied?
Arbitrators apply the same Corinno Civetta framework, but the practical dynamics differ. Construction arbitrators — particularly those on the American Arbitration Association's construction panel — tend to be experienced engineers and construction lawyers who understand schedule analysis intuitively and may give a contractor's delay claim a more focused factual hearing than a generalist trial judge. The trade-off is limited appellate review.
The bottom line
A no-damages-for-delay clause is enforceable in New York, but it's not bulletproof. If you can document bad faith, uncontemplated delays, constructive abandonment, or breach of a fundamental obligation, the law allows a court to set the clause aside and consider your delay damages. You can also pursue mechanic's liens, Article 3-A trust fund claims, and Prompt Payment Act remedies alongside the delay claim, and preserve your right to recover attorney's fees where contract or statute allows.
If you or your construction business are facing a no-damages-for-delay clause in a NYC, Nassau County, or Suffolk County construction dispute, the team at Yassi Law PC is ready to help. Call us today at 646-992-2138 for a consultation.
Prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Although I am an attorney, I am not your attorney, and reading this article does not create an attorney-client relationship. Laws vary by jurisdiction and may have changed since the publication of this article. For advice specific to your situation, consult a qualified attorney.
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